The Cardiothoracic Surgery Department is considered quite specific, while General Surgery, Pediatrics, and Emergency Medicine are more generalized.
The coverage of these departments is very broad.
Even just the Pediatrics department alone is enough to evolve into Family Medicine.
General Surgery is often called the origin of all surgical departments, as all the prestigious surgical specialties evolved from it.
The earliest surgeons could only perform simple treatments like body surface wound care.
As for opening the chest or skull, just look at how Hua Tuo died in ancient times to understand.
Cao Cao: "You tell me, you want to dissect my head? I'll decapitate you and use it as a ball first. Guards, take this traitor who intends to assassinate me outside and execute him."
Even in Western countries, the earliest surgery was developed due to wars.
At that time, even the mortality rate of simple amputations was alarmingly high.
